UNITED STATES OF AMERICA v. MICHAEL JEROME PALMER
US Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, King, Filed April 21, 2016,
Search – Vehicle – Where RAS existed to suspect that a VA-required inspection-sticker mounted on the windshield was fraudulent, officer’s entry into the vehicle for purpose of examining the sticker was reasonable and did not constitute an unconstitutional search.

(Concur by Wynn – Taking time to run criminal background check was called for in this case, but is not part of a standard traffic stop)

RAS – Tint – Officer’s testimony that he was familiar with state tint laws and that the vehicle appeared to be in violation was sufficient to validate stop

Traffic Stop – Terry Stop – “A police officer is entitled to inquire into a motorist’s criminal record after initiating a traffic stop,” particularly where information is received regarding gang affiliation